TY - JOUR
T1 - Air pollution
T2 - mechanisms of neuroinflammation and CNS disease
AU - Block, Michelle L.
AU - Calderón-Garcidueñas, Lilian
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the NIEHS/NIH Pathway to Independence Award R00ES01549.
PY - 2009/9
Y1 - 2009/9
N2 - Air pollution has been implicated as a chronic source of neuroinflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that produce neuropathology and central nervous system (CNS) disease. Stroke incidence and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease pathology are linked to air pollution. Recent reports reveal that air pollution components reach the brain; systemic effects that impact lung and cardiovascular disease also impinge upon CNS health. While mechanisms driving air pollution-induced CNS pathology are poorly understood, new evidence suggests that microglial activation and changes in the blood-brain barrier are key components. Here we summarize recent findings detailing the mechanisms through which air pollution reaches the brain and activates the resident innate immune response to become a chronic source of pro-inflammatory factors and ROS, culminating in CNS disease.
AB - Air pollution has been implicated as a chronic source of neuroinflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that produce neuropathology and central nervous system (CNS) disease. Stroke incidence and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease pathology are linked to air pollution. Recent reports reveal that air pollution components reach the brain; systemic effects that impact lung and cardiovascular disease also impinge upon CNS health. While mechanisms driving air pollution-induced CNS pathology are poorly understood, new evidence suggests that microglial activation and changes in the blood-brain barrier are key components. Here we summarize recent findings detailing the mechanisms through which air pollution reaches the brain and activates the resident innate immune response to become a chronic source of pro-inflammatory factors and ROS, culminating in CNS disease.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=69949111672&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.tins.2009.05.009
DO - 10.1016/j.tins.2009.05.009
M3 - Review article
C2 - 19716187
AN - SCOPUS:69949111672
SN - 0166-2236
VL - 32
SP - 506
EP - 516
JO - Trends in Neurosciences
JF - Trends in Neurosciences
IS - 9
ER -