An international adult guideline for making Clozapine titration safer by using six ancestry-based personalized dosing titrations, CRP, and Clozapine levels

Jose de Leon; Georgios Schoretsanitis; Robert L. Smith; Espen Molden; Anssi Solismaa; Niko Seppälä; Miloslav Kopeček; Patrik Švancer; Ismael Olmos; Carina Ricciardi; Celso Iglesias-Garcia; Ana Iglesias-Alonso; Edoardo Spina; Can Jun Ruan; Chuan Yue Wang; Gang Wang; Yi Lang Tang; Shih Ku Lin; Hsien Yuan Lane; Yong Sik Kim; Se Hyun Kim; Anto P. Rajkumar; Dinora F. González-Esquivel; Helgi Jung-Cook; Trino Baptista; Christopher Rohde; Jimmi Nielsen; Hélène Verdoux; Clelia Quiles; Emilio J. Sanz; Carlos De las Cuevas; Dan Cohen; Peter F.J. Schulte; Aygün Ertuğrul; A. Elif Anıl Yağcıoğlu; Nitin Chopra; Betsy McCollum; Charles Shelton; Robert O. Cotes; Arun R. Kaithi; John M. Kane; Saeed Farooq; Chee H. Ng; John Bilbily; Christoph Hiemke; Carlos López-Jaramillo; Ian McGrane; Fernando Lana; Chin B. Eap; Manuel Arrojo-Romero; Flavian Ştefan Rădulescu; Erich Seifritz; Susanna Every-Palmer; Chad A. Bousman; Emmanuel Bebawi; Rahul Bhattacharya; Deanna L. Kelly; Yuji Otsuka; Judit Lazary; Rafael Torres; Agustin Yecora; Mariano Motuca; Sherry Kit Wa Chan; Monica Zolezzi; Sami Ouanes; Domenico De Berardis; Sandeep Grover; Ric M. Procyshyn; Richard A. Adebayo; Oleg O. Kirilochev; Andrey Soloviev; Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis; Alina Wilkowska; Wiesław Jerzy Cubała; Muhammad Ayub; Alzira Silva; Raphael M. Bonelli; José María Villagrán-Moreno; Benedicto Crespo-Facorro; Henk Temmingh; Eric Decloedt; Maria Rosel Pedro; Hiroyoshi Takeuchi; Masaru Tsukahara; Gerhard Gründer; Marina Sagud; Andreja Celofiga; Dragana Ignjatovic Ristic; Bruno Bertolucci Ortiz; Helio Elkis; António José Pacheco Palha; Adrián LLerena; Emilio Fernandez-Egea; Dan Siskind; Abraham Weizman; Rim Masmoudi; Shamin Mohd Saffian; Jonathan G. Leung; Peter F. Buckley; Stephen R. Marder; Leslie Citrome; Oliver Freudenreich; Christoph U. Correll; Daniel J. Müller

doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn113661-20250402-00157

An international adult guideline for making Clozapine titration safer by using six ancestry-based personalized dosing titrations, CRP, and Clozapine levels

Jose de Leon
, Georgios Schoretsanitis
, Robert L. Smith
, Espen Molden
, Anssi Solismaa
, Niko Seppälä
, Miloslav Kopeček
, Patrik Švancer
, Ismael Olmos
, Carina Ricciardi
, Celso Iglesias-Garcia
, Ana Iglesias-Alonso
, Edoardo Spina
, Can Jun Ruan
, Chuan Yue Wang
, Gang Wang
, Yi Lang Tang
, Shih Ku Lin
, Hsien Yuan Lane
, Yong Sik Kim

Se Hyun Kim, Anto P. Rajkumar, Dinora F. González-Esquivel, Helgi Jung-Cook, Trino Baptista, Christopher Rohde, Jimmi Nielsen, Hélène Verdoux, Clelia Quiles, Emilio J. Sanz, Carlos De las Cuevas, Dan Cohen, Peter F.J. Schulte, Aygün Ertuğrul, A. Elif Anıl Yağcıoğlu, Nitin Chopra, Betsy McCollum, Charles Shelton, Robert O. Cotes, Arun R. Kaithi, John M. Kane, Saeed Farooq, Chee H. Ng, John Bilbily, Christoph Hiemke, Carlos López-Jaramillo, Ian McGrane, Fernando Lana, Chin B. Eap, Manuel Arrojo-Romero, Flavian Ştefan Rădulescu, Erich Seifritz, Susanna Every-Palmer, Chad A. Bousman, Emmanuel Bebawi, Rahul Bhattacharya, Deanna L. Kelly, Yuji Otsuka, Judit Lazary, Rafael Torres, Agustin Yecora, Mariano Motuca, Sherry Kit Wa Chan, Monica Zolezzi, Sami Ouanes, Domenico De Berardis, Sandeep Grover, Ric M. Procyshyn, Richard A. Adebayo, Oleg O. Kirilochev, Andrey Soloviev, Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis, Alina Wilkowska, Wiesław Jerzy Cubała, Muhammad Ayub, Alzira Silva, Raphael M. Bonelli, José María Villagrán-Moreno, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Henk Temmingh, Eric Decloedt, Maria Rosel Pedro, Hiroyoshi Takeuchi, Masaru Tsukahara, Gerhard Gründer, Marina Sagud, Andreja Celofiga, Dragana Ignjatovic Ristic, Bruno Bertolucci Ortiz, Helio Elkis, António José Pacheco Palha, Adrián LLerena, Emilio Fernandez-Egea, Dan Siskind, Abraham Weizman, Rim Masmoudi, Shamin Mohd Saffian, Jonathan G. Leung, Peter F. Buckley, Stephen R. Marder, Leslie Citrome, Oliver Freudenreich, Christoph U. Correll, Daniel J. Müller

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Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red
University of Zurich
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University of Oslo
Tampere University
National Institute of Mental Health
Charles University
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University of Oviedo
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Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias
University of Messina
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Emory University
Department of Veterans Affairs
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
Taipei Medical University
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China Medical University Taichung
Eulji University
Seoul National University
Christian Medical College
Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Universidad de los Andes Mérida
Aarhus University
University of Copenhagen
Université de Bordeaux
University of La Laguna
Hospital Universitario de Canarias
Dutch Clozapine Collaboration Group
Mental Health Services North-Holland North
Mental Health Team Alkmaar
Hacettepe University
University of Toronto
Hazelwood Center
Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell
Keele University
University of Melbourne
Washington University St. Louis
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
Universidad de Antioquia
Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación
Autonomous University of Barcelona
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University of Geneva
Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago
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Capital & Coast District Health Board
University of Otago
University of Calgary
University of Montreal
East London NHS Foundation Trust
Queen Mary University of London
Asahi General Hospital
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Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Assistance and Research in Neurosciences
The University of Hong Kong
Qatar University
Hamad Medical Corporation
University of British Columbia
Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Yaba
Astrakhan State Medical University
Northern State Medical Academy
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Medical University of Gdańsk
Queen's University Kingston
Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João
University of Porto
Sigmund Freud University Vienna
University of Cádiz
Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio
University of Cape Town
Stellenbosch University
Ministry of Health, Mozambique
Keio University
Okayama Psychiatric Medical Center
Heidelberg University
University of Zagreb
General Hospital Maribor
University of Kragujevac
Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Universidade de São Paulo
Oporto Faculty of Medicine
Casa de Salidedo Som Jesus (Psychiatric Hospital)
University of Extremadura
University of Cambridge
University of Queensland
Geha Mental Health Center
Tel Aviv University
University of Sfax
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN
Virginia Commonwealth University
University of California at Los Angeles
New York Medical College
Harvard University
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	87-113
Number of pages	27
Journal	Chinese Journal of Psychiatry
Volume	59
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn113661-20250402-00157
State	Published - Feb 5 2026

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This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

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10.3760/cma.j.cn113661-20250402-00157

Cite this

de Leon, J., Schoretsanitis, G., Smith, R. L., Molden, E., Solismaa, A., Seppälä, N., Kopeček, M., Švancer, P., Olmos, I., Ricciardi, C., Iglesias-Garcia, C., Iglesias-Alonso, A., Spina, E., Ruan, C. J., Wang, C. Y., Wang, G., Tang, Y. L., Lin, S. K., Lane, H. Y., ... Müller, D. J. (2026). An international adult guideline for making Clozapine titration safer by using six ancestry-based personalized dosing titrations, CRP, and Clozapine levels. Chinese Journal of Psychiatry, 59(2), 87-113. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn113661-20250402-00157

@article{c0a32893469744a5a84804195531ba76,

title = "An international adult guideline for making Clozapine titration safer by using six ancestry-based personalized dosing titrations, CRP, and Clozapine levels",

author = "\{de Leon\}, Jose and Georgios Schoretsanitis and Smith, \{Robert L.\} and Espen Molden and Anssi Solismaa and Niko Sepp{\"a}l{\"a} and Miloslav Kope{\v c}ek and Patrik {\v S}vancer and Ismael Olmos and Carina Ricciardi and Celso Iglesias-Garcia and Ana Iglesias-Alonso and Edoardo Spina and Ruan, \{Can Jun\} and Wang, \{Chuan Yue\} and Gang Wang and Tang, \{Yi Lang\} and Lin, \{Shih Ku\} and Lane, \{Hsien Yuan\} and Kim, \{Yong Sik\} and Kim, \{Se Hyun\} and Rajkumar, \{Anto P.\} and Gonz{\'a}lez-Esquivel, \{Dinora F.\} and Helgi Jung-Cook and Trino Baptista and Christopher Rohde and Jimmi Nielsen and H{\'e}l{\`e}ne Verdoux and Clelia Quiles and Sanz, \{Emilio J.\} and \{De las Cuevas\}, Carlos and Dan Cohen and Schulte, \{Peter F.J.\} and Ayg{\"u}n Ertuğrul and Yağcıoğlu, \{A. Elif Anıl\} and Nitin Chopra and Betsy McCollum and Charles Shelton and Cotes, \{Robert O.\} and Kaithi, \{Arun R.\} and Kane, \{John M.\} and Saeed Farooq and Ng, \{Chee H.\} and John Bilbily and Christoph Hiemke and Carlos L{\'o}pez-Jaramillo and Ian McGrane and Fernando Lana and Eap, \{Chin B.\} and Manuel Arrojo-Romero and R{\u a}dulescu, \{Flavian {\c S}tefan\} and Erich Seifritz and Susanna Every-Palmer and Bousman, \{Chad A.\} and Emmanuel Bebawi and Rahul Bhattacharya and Kelly, \{Deanna L.\} and Yuji Otsuka and Judit Lazary and Rafael Torres and Agustin Yecora and Mariano Motuca and Chan, \{Sherry Kit Wa\} and Monica Zolezzi and Sami Ouanes and \{De Berardis\}, Domenico and Sandeep Grover and Procyshyn, \{Ric M.\} and Adebayo, \{Richard A.\} and Kirilochev, \{Oleg O.\} and Andrey Soloviev and Fountoulakis, \{Konstantinos N.\} and Alina Wilkowska and Cuba{\l}a, \{Wies{\l}aw Jerzy\} and Muhammad Ayub and Alzira Silva and Bonelli, \{Raphael M.\} and Villagr{\'a}n-Moreno, \{Jos{\'e} Mar{\'i}a\} and Benedicto Crespo-Facorro and Henk Temmingh and Eric Decloedt and Pedro, \{Maria Rosel\} and Hiroyoshi Takeuchi and Masaru Tsukahara and Gerhard Gr{\"u}nder and Marina Sagud and Andreja Celofiga and Ristic, \{Dragana Ignjatovic\} and Ortiz, \{Bruno Bertolucci\} and Helio Elkis and Palha, \{Ant{\'o}nio Jos{\'e} Pacheco\} and Adri{\'a}n LLerena and Emilio Fernandez-Egea and Dan Siskind and Abraham Weizman and Rim Masmoudi and Saffian, \{Shamin Mohd\} and Leung, \{Jonathan G.\} and Buckley, \{Peter F.\} and Marder, \{Stephen R.\} and Leslie Citrome and Oliver Freudenreich and Correll, \{Christoph U.\} and M{\"u}ller, \{Daniel J.\}",

year = "2026",

month = feb,

day = "5",

doi = "10.3760/cma.j.cn113661-20250402-00157",

language = "English",

volume = "59",

pages = "87--113",

journal = "Chinese Journal of Psychiatry",

issn = "1006-7884",

publisher = "Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co.Ltd",

number = "2",

}

de Leon, J, Schoretsanitis, G, Smith, RL, Molden, E, Solismaa, A, Seppälä, N, Kopeček, M, Švancer, P, Olmos, I, Ricciardi, C, Iglesias-Garcia, C, Iglesias-Alonso, A, Spina, E, Ruan, CJ, Wang, CY, Wang, G, Tang, YL, Lin, SK, Lane, HY, Kim, YS, Kim, SH, Rajkumar, AP, González-Esquivel, DF, Jung-Cook, H, Baptista, T, Rohde, C, Nielsen, J, Verdoux, H, Quiles, C, Sanz, EJ, De las Cuevas, C, Cohen, D, Schulte, PFJ, Ertuğrul, A, Yağcıoğlu, AEA, Chopra, N, McCollum, B, Shelton, C, Cotes, RO, Kaithi, AR, Kane, JM, Farooq, S, Ng, CH, Bilbily, J, Hiemke, C, López-Jaramillo, C, McGrane, I, Lana, F, Eap, CB, Arrojo-Romero, M, Rădulescu, FŞ, Seifritz, E, Every-Palmer, S, Bousman, CA, Bebawi, E, Bhattacharya, R, Kelly, DL, Otsuka, Y, Lazary, J, Torres, R, Yecora, A, Motuca, M, Chan, SKW, Zolezzi, M, Ouanes, S, De Berardis, D, Grover, S, Procyshyn, RM, Adebayo, RA, Kirilochev, OO, Soloviev, A, Fountoulakis, KN, Wilkowska, A, Cubała, WJ, Ayub, M, Silva, A, Bonelli, RM, Villagrán-Moreno, JM, Crespo-Facorro, B, Temmingh, H, Decloedt, E, Pedro, MR, Takeuchi, H, Tsukahara, M, Gründer, G, Sagud, M, Celofiga, A, Ristic, DI, Ortiz, BB, Elkis, H, Palha, AJP, LLerena, A, Fernandez-Egea, E, Siskind, D, Weizman, A, Masmoudi, R, Saffian, SM, Leung, JG, Buckley, PF, Marder, SR, Citrome, L, Freudenreich, O, Correll, CU & Müller, DJ 2026, 'An international adult guideline for making Clozapine titration safer by using six ancestry-based personalized dosing titrations, CRP, and Clozapine levels', Chinese Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 87-113. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn113661-20250402-00157

TY - JOUR

T1 - An international adult guideline for making Clozapine titration safer by using six ancestry-based personalized dosing titrations, CRP, and Clozapine levels

AU - de Leon, Jose

AU - Schoretsanitis, Georgios

AU - Smith, Robert L.

AU - Molden, Espen

AU - Solismaa, Anssi

AU - Seppälä, Niko

AU - Kopeček, Miloslav

AU - Švancer, Patrik

AU - Olmos, Ismael

AU - Ricciardi, Carina

AU - Iglesias-Garcia, Celso

AU - Iglesias-Alonso, Ana

AU - Spina, Edoardo

AU - Ruan, Can Jun

AU - Wang, Chuan Yue

AU - Wang, Gang

AU - Tang, Yi Lang

AU - Lin, Shih Ku

AU - Lane, Hsien Yuan

AU - Kim, Yong Sik

AU - Kim, Se Hyun

AU - Rajkumar, Anto P.

AU - González-Esquivel, Dinora F.

AU - Jung-Cook, Helgi

AU - Baptista, Trino

AU - Rohde, Christopher

AU - Nielsen, Jimmi

AU - Verdoux, Hélène

AU - Quiles, Clelia

AU - Sanz, Emilio J.

AU - De las Cuevas, Carlos

AU - Cohen, Dan

AU - Schulte, Peter F.J.

AU - Ertuğrul, Aygün

AU - Yağcıoğlu, A. Elif Anıl

AU - Chopra, Nitin

AU - McCollum, Betsy

AU - Shelton, Charles

AU - Cotes, Robert O.

AU - Kaithi, Arun R.

AU - Kane, John M.

AU - Farooq, Saeed

AU - Ng, Chee H.

AU - Bilbily, John

AU - Hiemke, Christoph

AU - López-Jaramillo, Carlos

AU - McGrane, Ian

AU - Lana, Fernando

AU - Eap, Chin B.

AU - Arrojo-Romero, Manuel

AU - Rădulescu, Flavian Ştefan

AU - Seifritz, Erich

AU - Every-Palmer, Susanna

AU - Bousman, Chad A.

AU - Bebawi, Emmanuel

AU - Bhattacharya, Rahul

AU - Kelly, Deanna L.

AU - Otsuka, Yuji

AU - Lazary, Judit

AU - Torres, Rafael

AU - Yecora, Agustin

AU - Motuca, Mariano

AU - Chan, Sherry Kit Wa

AU - Zolezzi, Monica

AU - Ouanes, Sami

AU - De Berardis, Domenico

AU - Grover, Sandeep

AU - Procyshyn, Ric M.

AU - Adebayo, Richard A.

AU - Kirilochev, Oleg O.

AU - Soloviev, Andrey

AU - Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N.

AU - Wilkowska, Alina

AU - Cubała, Wiesław Jerzy

AU - Ayub, Muhammad

AU - Silva, Alzira

AU - Bonelli, Raphael M.

AU - Villagrán-Moreno, José María

AU - Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto

AU - Temmingh, Henk

AU - Decloedt, Eric

AU - Pedro, Maria Rosel

AU - Takeuchi, Hiroyoshi

AU - Tsukahara, Masaru

AU - Gründer, Gerhard

AU - Sagud, Marina

AU - Celofiga, Andreja

AU - Ristic, Dragana Ignjatovic

AU - Ortiz, Bruno Bertolucci

AU - Elkis, Helio

AU - Palha, António José Pacheco

AU - LLerena, Adrián

AU - Fernandez-Egea, Emilio

AU - Siskind, Dan

AU - Weizman, Abraham

AU - Masmoudi, Rim

AU - Saffian, Shamin Mohd

AU - Leung, Jonathan G.

AU - Buckley, Peter F.

AU - Marder, Stephen R.

AU - Citrome, Leslie

AU - Freudenreich, Oliver

AU - Correll, Christoph U.

AU - Müller, Daniel J.

PY - 2026/2/5

Y1 - 2026/2/5

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105031498427

U2 - 10.3760/cma.j.cn113661-20250402-00157

DO - 10.3760/cma.j.cn113661-20250402-00157

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105031498427

SN - 1006-7884

VL - 59

SP - 87

EP - 113

JO - Chinese Journal of Psychiatry

JF - Chinese Journal of Psychiatry

IS - 2

ER -

An international adult guideline for making Clozapine titration safer by using six ancestry-based personalized dosing titrations, CRP, and Clozapine levels

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