Bark beetle-fungal symbiosis: Context dependency in complex associations

Recent thinking in symbiosis research has emphasized a holistic consideration of these complex interactions. Bark beetles and their associated microbes are one group which has previously not been addressed in this manner. We review the study of symbiotic interactions among bark beetles and microbes in light of this thinking. We describe the considerable progress already made, examine areas where further progress could be made, and propose new approaches to be used, in understanding these important organisms. We place emphasis on the manner in which context (e.g., abiotic and biotic factors) can influence these interactions and change their nature.