@article{639449addfbf42bcba5253cb8895597b,
title = "Can't see the forest for the stream? In-stream processing and terrestrial nitrogen exports",
abstract = "There has been a long-term decline in nitrate (NO3-) concentration and export from several long-term monitoring watersheds in New England that cannot be explained by current terrestrial ecosystem models. A number of potential causes for this nitrogen (N) decline have been suggested, including changes in atmospheric chemistry, insect outbreaks, soil frost, and interannual climate fluctuations. In-stream removal of NO3 - has not been included in current attempts to explain this regional decline in watershed NO3- export, yet streams may have high removal rates of NO3-. We make use of 40 years of data on watershed N export and stream N biogeochemistry from the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) to determine (a) whether there have been changes in HBEF stream N cycling over the last four decades and (b) whether these changes are of sufficient magnitude to help explain a substantial proportion of the unexplained regional decline in NO3- export. Examining how the tempos and modes of change are distinct for upland forest and stream ecosystems is a necessary step for improving predictions of watershed exports.",
keywords = "Ecosystem change, HBEF, Nitrate, Nutrient retention, Stream ecosystems",
author = "Bernhardt, {Emily S.} and Likens, {Gene E.} and Hall, {Robert O.} and Buso, {Don C.} and Fisher, {Stuart G.} and Burton, {Thomas M.} and Meyer, {Judy L.} and Mcdowell, {William H.} and Mayer, {Marilyn S.} and Bowden, {W. Breck} and Findlay, {Stuart E.G.} and Macneale, {Kate H.} and Stelzer, {Robert S.} and Lowe, {Winsor H.}",
note = "Funding Information: Special thanks to John Aber, who joined us for one day of our workshop, leading a discussion of current explanations for the long-term decline in streamwater nitrate. We thank Robert E. Bilby and three anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments on this manuscript. Financial support for the workshop was provided by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Long-term support for stream studies at HBEF was provided by the National Science Foundation, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, Dartmouth College, Cornell University, and the Institute of Ecosystem Studies. We acknowledge with great appreciation the help of numerous technical and administrative staff over the years. This is a contribution to the program of the Institute of Ecosystem Studies and the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study. This publication does not reflect the view of any sponsoring agency.",
year = "2005",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0219:ACSTFF]2.0.CO;2",
language = "English",
volume = "55",
pages = "219--230",
journal = "BioScience",
issn = "0006-3568",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "3",
}
