Connectivity measures across scales differentially influence dryland sediment and seed movement

Drylands makeup over 40% of the terrestrial land surface area and are highly vulnerable to degradation. The drivers of dryland degradation can lead to shifts in vegetation, such as woody plant encroachment into historic arid grasslands. Encroachment often creates connected bare plant interspaces where wind and water erosion can redistribute resources, including sediment and seeds. Dryland restoration can incorporate methods to reduce these connected pathways, thus mitigating erosion and retaining resources locally. One method to reduce connectivity is through connectivity modifier (ConMod) structures. Quantifying sediment and seeds captured in ConMod structures provides insight into resource movement on the landscape and system-level resilience. We quantified sediment and germinable seeds captured in ConMods in relation to vegetation along a grassland-to-shrubland gradient, measured at multiple scales, in the Northern Chihuahuan desert, United States. We found (1) a significant but weak correlation between ConMod sediment and seed capture; (2) connectivity in the form of bare ground cover at the large and small scale correlated with sediment capture but not seed capture; and (3) sediment and seed capture were both influenced by previously implemented restoration treatments, though differentially. When investigating the capture of different seed functional groups and sizes, we found that grass seed capture increased with proximity to shrubs and that smaller seeds were both captured more frequently and more closely correlated to sediment capture. These findings have implications for the use of ConMods as restoration tools in shrub-encroached systems.