Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to systematically identify the environmental factors that impacted people with disability during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A scoping literature review was conducted using LitCOVID (January 1–July 31, 2020). Sixty-six articles met the inclusion criteria that (1) discussed disability and/or health conditions related to functioning and (2) considered environmental factors. A qualitative content analysis was conducted using codes from the WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Results: A total of 212 International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health codes were used in the coding process. The most frequent codes referred to health services policies and public health guidelines. These policies, although generally considered facilitators for minimizing infection, were frequently identified as barriers to the health, participation, and human rights of people with disability. The lack of disability-specific population data was identified as a key barrier to planning and decision making. Conclusions: The social determinants of health for people with disability were not adequately considered in the acute phase of infection prevention at the population level. Integrating the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in emergency management provides a tool to evaluate functioning and address barriers for those in need.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 100152 |
| Pages (from-to) | 100152 |
| Journal | AJPM Focus |
| Volume | 3 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Feb 2024 |
Funding
We would like to acknowledge Huib Ten Napel and Marijke de Kleijn-de Vrankrijker with the WHO Collaborating Centre for the Family of International Classifications in the Netherlands for providing feedback and suggestions during the planning and writing phases of this project. We would also like to thank Kanbi Knippling with the University of Montana for her contribution toward the input of 3,000 International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health codes into NVivo. The work does not necessarily represent the policy of National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR), Administration for Community Living, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or HHS and one should not assume endorsement by the federal government. This study is partially supported by a grant from the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, U.S. Department of Education (Number H133B080023). This project received additional support from the Research and Training Center on Disability in Rural Communities under a grant from the NIDILRR (Grant Number 90RTCP0002). NIDILRR is a Center within the Administration for Community Living, HHS. This project also had support from cooperative agreements between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, and the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services (DD16-1603 and DD21-2103). Additional support came from the NIH (National Institute of Nursing Research and the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities [Award Number U01NR020556]). Declaration: None. Mackenzie Jones: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing. Philippa Clarke: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing. Hana Meshesha: Data curation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing. Kristine Mulhorn: Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing. Meg Ann Traci: Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Funding acquisition, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing. Els Nieuwenhuijsen: Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing. This study is partially supported by a grant from the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research , U.S. Department of Education (Number H133B080023 ). This project received additional support from the Research and Training Center on Disability in Rural Communities under a grant from the NIDILRR (Grant Number 90RTCP0002 ). NIDILRR is a Center within the Administration for Community Living , HHS . This project also had support from cooperative agreements between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS , and the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services ( DD16-1603 and DD21-2103 ). Additional support came from the NIH ( National Institute of Nursing Research and the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities [Award Number U01NR020556 ]).
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services | DD21-2103, DD16-1603 |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | |
| H133B080023 | |
| U01NR020556 | |
| 90RTCP0002 |
Keywords
- COVID-19
- Disability
- International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
- inclusive emergency management
- scoping review
