Abstract
Understanding and predicting Arctic change and its impacts on global climate requires broad, sustained observations of the atmosphere-ice-ocean system, yet technological and logistical challenges severely restrict the temporal and spatial scope of observing efforts. Satellite remote sensing provides unprecedented, pan-Arctic measurements of the surface, but complementary in situ observations are required to complete the picture. Over the past few decades, a diverse range of autonomous platforms have been developed to make broad, sustained observations of the ice-free ocean, often with near-real-time data delivery. Though these technologies are well suited to the difficult environmental conditions and remote logistics that complicate Arctic observing, they face a suite of additional challenges, such as limited access to satellite services that make geolocation and communication possible. This paper reviews new platform and sensor developments, adaptations of mature technologies, and approaches for their use, placed within the framework of Arctic Ocean observing needs.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | Oceanography |
| Volume | 35 |
| Issue number | 3-4 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 2022 |
Funding
We thank two anonymous reviewers and guest editor Tom Weingartner for their careful reading and for helpful, constructive suggestions that strengthened this paper. Arctic observing efforts have benefited from sustained support from resource sponsors that include the National Science Foundation Arctic and Arctic Observing Network programs, the Office of Naval Research Arctic and Global Prediction program, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. For the preparation of this paper, CML was supported by ONR grant N00014-19-C-2076 and NSF grant OPP-1902595; MDD by NSF OPP-1951294; JG by OPP-1842306; VH by NSF OPP 1603548; RK by NASA grant 80NSSC22K0392; JM by OPP-1842306; CJC by NOAA’s Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) program and Arctic Research Program (ARP); HS by NSF grants OPP-0425838, EEC-9986821, and NASA grant Z601701; and TS by ONR grant N00014-20-S-B001 and NSF grant OPP 1723400.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| OPP 1603548, OPP-1842306, OPP-1902595, OPP-1951294 | |
| Office of Naval Research | N00014-19-C-2076 |
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration | 80NSSC22K0392 |
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | |
| N00014-20-S-B001, OPP-0425838, Z601701, EEC-9986821, OPP 1723400 |
