Glutamate receptor ion channels: Structure, regulation, and function

Stephen F. Traynelis, Lonnie P. Wollmuth, Chris J. McBain, Frank S. Menniti, Katie M. Vance, Kevin K. Ogden, Kasper B. Hansen, Hongjie Yuan, Scott J. Myers, Ray Dingledine

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

2842 Scopus citations

Abstract

The mammalian ionotropic glutamate receptor family encodes 18 gene products that coassemble to form ligand-gated ion channels containing an agonist recognition site, a transmembrane ion permeation pathway, and gating elements that couple agonist-induced conformational changes to the opening or closing of the permeation pore. Glutamate receptors mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system and are localized on neuronal and non-neuronal cells. These receptors regulate a broad spectrum of processes in the brain, spinal cord, retina, and peripheral nervous system. Glutamate receptors are postulated to play important roles in numerous neurological diseases and have attracted intense scrutiny. The description of glutamate receptor structure, including its transmembrane elements, reveals a complex assembly of multiple semiautonomous extracellular domains linked to a pore-forming element with striking resemblance to an inverted potassium channel. In this review we discuss International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology glutamate receptor nomenclature, structure, assembly, accessory subunits, interacting proteins, gene expression and translation, post-translational modifications, agonist and antagonist pharmacology, allosteric modulation, mechanisms of gating and permeation, roles in normal physiological function, as well as the potential therapeutic use of pharmacological agents acting at glutamate receptors.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)405-496
Number of pages92
JournalPharmacological Reviews
Volume62
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2010

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