Abstract
Introduction: We investigated associations between neighborhood racial/ethnic segregation and cognitive change. Methods: We used data (n = 1712) from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Racial/ethnic segregation was assessed using Getis-Ord (Gi*) z-scores based on American Community Survey Census tract data (higher Gi* = greater spatial clustering of participant's race/ethnicity). Global cognition and processing speed were assessed twice, 6 years apart. Adjusted multilevel linear regression tested associations between Gi* z-scores and cognition. Effect modification by race/ethnicity, income, education, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and neighborhood social support was tested. Results: Participants were on average 67 years old; 43% were White, 11% Chinese, 29% African American/Black, 17% Hispanic; 40% had high neighborhood segregation (Gi* > 1.96). African American/Black participants with greater neighborhood segregation had greater processing speed decline in stratified analyses, but no interactions were significant. Discussion: Segregation was associated with greater processing speed declines among African American/Black participants. Additional follow-ups and comprehensive cognitive batteries may further elucidate these findings. Highlights: A study of neighborhood racial/ethnic segregation and change in cognition. Study was based on a racially and geographically diverse, population-based cohort of older adults. Racial/ethnic segregation (clustering) was measured by the Getis-ord (Gi*) statistic. We saw faster processing speed decline among Black individuals in segregated neighborhoods.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1143-1151 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Alzheimer's and Dementia |
| Volume | 19 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Apr 2023 |
Funding
Dr. Besser is supported by NIH/NIA award K01AG063895 and the Alzheimer's Association (AARG‐21‐850963). Dr. Meyer is supported by NIH/NIA awards P30AG072972 and R01AG067541. Dr. Jones is supported by NHLBI award R03HL147318 and NIH/NIA award R01AG055781‐02S1. Dr. Hughes and Dr. Hayden were supported in part by R01AG058969 and by P30AG049638, which funds the Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Core Center and the MESA Core. Dr. Hughes was also supported by R01AG054069. Dr. Bateman was supported by a Lena Mae Edwards Young Investigator Research Award, Alzheimer's Association Clinical Scientist Fellowship, Avanir 20‐AVP‐786‐306/307, NIA R01 AG070883‐01, a Wake Forest ADRC Pilot Award, and NIH/NIA P30 AG049638. Dr. Galvin is supported by R01 AG071514 and R01 NS101483. Dr. Peterson is supported by NIH/NIA award 1K99AG073457. This research was supported by contracts 75N92020D00001, HHSN268201500003I, N01‐HC‐95159, 75N92020D00005, N01‐HC‐95160, 75N92020D00002, N01‐HC‐95161, 75N92020D00003, N01‐HC‐95162, 75N92020D00006, N01‐HC‐95163, 75N92020D00004, N01‐HC‐95164, 75N92020D00007, N01‐HC‐95165, N01‐HC‐95166, N01‐HC‐95167, N01‐HC‐95168, and N01‐HC‐95169 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and by grants UL1‐TR‐000040, UL1‐TR‐001079, and UL1‐TR‐001420 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS). The authors thank the other investigators, the staff, and the participants of the MESA study for their valuable contributions. A full list of participating MESA investigators and institutions can be found at http://www.mesa‐nhlbi.org .
| Funder number |
|---|
| 20‐AVP‐786‐306/307, R01 AG070883‐01 |
| R01AG054069 |
| K01AG063895 |
| R03HL147318, R01AG058969, R01AG055781‐02S1, UL1‐TR‐001079, UL1‐TR‐001420, UL1‐TR‐000040, P30AG049638 |
| P30AG072972, AARG‐21‐850963, R01AG067541 |
| N01‐HC‐95168, 1K99AG073457, N01‐HC‐95159, N01‐HC‐95169, N01‐HC‐95160, R01 NS101483, 75N92020D00007, P30 AG049638, R01 AG071514, N01‐HC‐95164, N01‐HC‐95163, N01‐HC‐95162, N01‐HC‐95161, 75N92020D00001, 75N92020D00002, 75N92020D00005, 75N92020D00006, 75N92020D00003, HHSN268201500003I, 75N92020D00004 |
Keywords
- cognition
- cognitive decline
- community
- ethnicity
- longitudinal
- neighborhood
- processing speed
- race
- racial
- segregation
- social determinants of health
- structural determinants
- Black or African American
- Humans
- Asian
- Hispanic or Latino
- Ethnicity
- White
- Atherosclerosis
- Aged
- Residential Segregation
