Prevention of secondary health conditions in adults with developmental disabilities: A review of the literature

Purpose: To compile empirical findings regarding prevention strategies for secondary conditions experienced by adults with developmental disabilities. Method: The PsycLit and PubMed databases were searched for articles addressing the 20 most pervasive secondary conditions and the prevention of secondary conditions in general. Results: Of more than 2000 articles examined, 25 met criteria for inclusion. None could be categorized as a primary approach to prevention, 19 involved secondary and six involved tertiary approaches. The majority included between one and ten participants. Nine studies involved the administration of treatment, three providing certain experiences, two chart review, and 11 a training approach. Injuries due to self-abuse, communication problems, dental hygiene problems, and problems with memory, persistence and mobility were addressed. Conclusion: Little is known regarding the prevention of secondary conditions within this population. The authors stress the necessity to focus research efforts on greater understanding of the linkage between disability, rehabilitation and public health models.