TY - JOUR
T1 - Racial discrimination’s influence on smoking rates among American Indian Alaska Native two-spirit individuals
T2 - Does pain play a role?
AU - Johnson-Jennings, Michelle D.
AU - Belcourt, Annie
AU - Town, Matthew
AU - Walls, Melissa L.
AU - Walters, Karina L.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Meharry Medical College.
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - High rates of racial discrimination and non-ceremonial tobacco smoking exist among American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) Two-Spirit/LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender) populations. The authors examined whether or not pain mediates between racial discrimination and smoking among Two-Spirits. Two-Spirit adults (n=447) from seven urban U.S. locations were surveyed during the HONOR project. The Indigenist stress coping model was used as framework in which to conduct descriptive, bivariate and regression analyses. A majority of the participants reported smoking (45.2%) and pain (57%). Pain was found to mediate the association between racial discrimination and smoking. Racial discrimination appears to be a significant factor influencing tobacco smoking and health behaviors within Two-Spirit populations. Effective tobacco cessation and/or prevention planning for Two-Spirits and others who experience frequent racial discrimination, stress, and trauma should also consider the influence of pain. Pain may serve as the embodiment of discrimination, and this possibility requires future research.
AB - High rates of racial discrimination and non-ceremonial tobacco smoking exist among American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) Two-Spirit/LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender) populations. The authors examined whether or not pain mediates between racial discrimination and smoking among Two-Spirits. Two-Spirit adults (n=447) from seven urban U.S. locations were surveyed during the HONOR project. The Indigenist stress coping model was used as framework in which to conduct descriptive, bivariate and regression analyses. A majority of the participants reported smoking (45.2%) and pain (57%). Pain was found to mediate the association between racial discrimination and smoking. Racial discrimination appears to be a significant factor influencing tobacco smoking and health behaviors within Two-Spirit populations. Effective tobacco cessation and/or prevention planning for Two-Spirits and others who experience frequent racial discrimination, stress, and trauma should also consider the influence of pain. Pain may serve as the embodiment of discrimination, and this possibility requires future research.
KW - American Indians
KW - Indigenist stress coping
KW - Intersectionality
KW - Lesbian gay bisexual transgender (LGBT) health care disparities
KW - Pain
KW - Racial discrimination
KW - Tobacco/cigarette smoking
KW - Two-Spirits
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84911405647&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1353/hpu.2014.0193
DO - 10.1353/hpu.2014.0193
M3 - Article
C2 - 25418234
AN - SCOPUS:84911405647
SN - 1049-2089
VL - 25
SP - 1667
EP - 1678
JO - Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved
JF - Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved
IS - 4
ER -
