@article{4c393e59f6a24e01a193c1950bf061bf,
title = "Remote sensing in BOREAS: Lessons learned",
abstract = "The Boreal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) was a large, multiyear internationally supported study designed to improve our understanding of the boreal forest biome and its interactions with the atmosphere, biosphere, and the carbon cycle in the face of global climate change. In the initial phase of this study (early 1990s), remote sensing played a key role by providing products needed for planning and modeling. During and after the main BOREAS field campaigns (1994 and 1996), innovative remote sensing approaches and analyses expanded our understanding of the boreal forest in four key areas: (1) definition of vegetation structure, (2) land-cover classification, (3) assessment of the carbon balance, and (4) links between surface properties, weather, and climate. In addition to six BOREAS special issues and over 500 journal papers, a principal legacy of BOREAS is its well-documented and publicly available database, which provides a lasting scientific resource and opportunity to further advance our understanding of this critical northern biome.",
keywords = "Boreal forest, Carbon cycle, Land cover, Remote sensing",
author = "Gamon, {J. A.} and Huemmrich, {K. F.} and Peddle, {D. R.} and J. Chen and D. Fuentes and Hall, {F. G.} and Kimball, {J. S.} and S. Goetz and J. Gu and McDonald, {K. C.} and Miller, {J. R.} and M. Moghaddam and Rahman, {A. F.} and Roujean, {J. L.} and Smith, {E. A.} and Walthall, {C. L.} and P. Zarco-Tejada and B. Hu and R. Fernandes and J. Cihlar",
note = "Funding Information: Funding sources for BOREAS included NASA, the US National Science Foundation, the US Geological Survey, the US Forest Service, the US Environmental Protection Agency, the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Natural Resources Canada, Environment Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, National Research Council of Canada, Parks Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Institute for Space and Terrestrial Science (now CRESTech), Canadian Space Agency, and the Royal Society of Canada. Funding Information: Primary agencies leading BOREAS included the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), with considerable funding also provided by other sources, (see Acknowledgements). The study was divided into two phases: (1) the primary study phase, from 1993 to 1997, and (2) the secondary or “follow-on” phase, extending from 1997 to 2000. The primary study phase involved over 300 individuals divided into 85 science teams. The science teams were categorized by subject area: (1) Airborne flux and meteorology (AFM), (2) Tower Flux (TF), (3) Terrestrial Ecology (TE), (4) Trace Gas Biogeochemistry (TGB), (5) Snow and Hydrology (HYD), and (6) Remote Sensing Science (RSS). BOREAS follow-on studies were limited to analysis of data previously collected during the primary (data collection) phase and included 26 science teams. During the primary study phase, there were 20 remote sensing science teams, whereas during the secondary phase, there were two remote sensing science teams. Additionally, BOREAS stimulated further follow-on activities, including the Canadian Boreal Ecosystem Research and Monitoring Sites (BERMS) program sponsored by the Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC), the Canadian Forest Service (CFS), and Parks Canada, with additional cooperation from the University of British Columbia and Queen's University. ",
year = "2004",
month = jan,
day = "30",
doi = "10.1016/j.rse.2003.08.017",
language = "English",
volume = "89",
pages = "139--162",
journal = "Remote Sensing of Environment",
issn = "0034-4257",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
number = "2",
}
