Satellite detection of soil moisture related water stress impacts on ecosystem productivity using the MODIS-based photochemical reflectance index

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Abstract

Satellite remote sensing provides continuous observations of vegetation properties that can be used to estimate global terrestrial ecosystem gross primary production (GPP). The Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) has been shown to be sensitive to vegetation photosynthetic light use efficiency (LUE), GPP and canopy water-stress. Here, we use the NASA EOS MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) based PRI with eddy covariance CO2 flux measurements and meteorological observations from 20 tower sites representing major plant functional type (PFT) classes within the continental USA (CONUS) to assess GPP sensitivity to soil moisture related water stress. The sPRI (scaled PRI) metric derived using MODIS band 13 as a reference channel (sPRI13) shows generally higher correspondence with tower GPP estimates than other potential MODIS reference bands. The sPRI13 observations were used as a proxy for soil moisture related water supply constraints to LUE within a satellite data driven terrestrial carbon flux model to estimate GPP (GPPPRI). The GPPPRI calculations show generally favorable correspondence with tower GPP estimates (0.457 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.818), except for lower GPPPRI performance over evergreen needleleaf forest (ENF) sites. A regional model sensitivity analysis using the sPRI13 as a water supply proxy indicated that water restrictions limit GPP over more than 21% of the CONUS domain, particularly in drier climate areas where atmospheric moisture deficits (VPD) alone are insufficient to represent both atmosphere demand and water supply controls affecting productivity. Our results indicate strong potential of the MODIS sPRI13 to represent soil moisture related water supply controls influencing photosynthesis, with enhanced (1-km resolution) delineation of these processes closer to the scale of in situ tower observations. These observations may provide an effective tool for characterizing sub-grid spatial heterogeneity in soil moisture related controls that inform coarser scale observations and estimates determined from other satellite observations and earth system models.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)173-183
Number of pages11
JournalRemote Sensing of Environment
Volume186
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 1 2016

Funding

This study was performed at the University of Montana with funding provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NNX15AB59G , NNX14AI50G ). This work used eddy covariance data acquired by the FLUXNET community and in particular by the following networks: AmeriFlux (U.S. Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program (DE-FG02-04ER63917 and DE-FG02-04ER63911). We acknowledge the financial support to the eddy covariance data harmonization provided by CarboEuropeIP , FAO-GTOS-TCO , iLEAPS , Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry , National Science Foundation , University of Tuscia , Université Laval , Environment Canada and U.S. Department of Energy and the database development and technical support from Berkeley Water Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Microsoft Research eScience, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of California – Berkeley and the University of Virginia.

FundersFunder number
1443108, 1633831
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
University of California at Berkeley
Université Laval

    Keywords

    • Gross primary production (GPP)
    • MODIS
    • Photochemical reflectance index (PRI)
    • Soil moisture
    • TCF LUE model

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