SNAPSHOT USA 2024: Year 6 of the Coordinated National Camera Trap Survey of the United States

Brigit Rooney; Roland Kays; Michael V. Cove; Alex Jensen; Daniel J. Herrera; Camilla Price; Phuong Thao Nguyen-Nu; Katrina Adamczyk; Peter D. Alexander; David Allen; Jesse M. Alston; Diego F. Alvarado-Serrano; Thomas L. Anderson; Cara L. Appel; Scott M. Appleby; Anne C. Axel; Christopher R. Ayers; Nicholas W. Bakner; Dylan L. Bakner; Griffin Bandler; Luke Banta; Erin E. Barding; Carolina Baruzzi; William T. Bean; Silas C. Beers; Jerrold L. Belant; John F. Benson; Anna Berg; Dylan L. Bergman; Meagan A. Bethel; Tori Bird; Michael T. Booth; Aaron J. Bossert; La Roy S.E. Brandt; Levin C. Brandt; Zeuk Brown; Erin K. Buchholtz; Richard Buchholz; Frances E. Buderman; Kathleen A. Carey; Michael B. Carpenter; Kellie Carter; Ivan Castro-Arellano; Michael Chamberlain; Amanda E. Cheeseman; Michael D. Cheng; Cary D. Chevalier; M. Colter Chitwood; Petros Chrysafis; Bradley S. Cohen; Isabella R. Collamati; D. Parks Collins; Justin A. Compton; L. Mike Conner; Brianna Cook; Olivia Cosby; Anthony P. Crupi; Andrea K. Darracq; Jon M. Davenport; Drew R. Davis; Miranda L. Davis; Noé U. de la Sancha; Brett A. DeGregorio; Anant Deshwal; Art Drauglis; Jonathan E. Dudko; Jennifer M. Duggan; Andrew J. Edelman; Valerie Elder; Kendall Eldredge; E. Hance Ellington; Susan N. Ellis-Felege; Caroline N. Ellison; John Erb; Alexa Fairchild; Keilani Fang; Jean Fantle-Lepczyk; Michael Fargione; Zach J. Farris; Zoë Fassett-Manuszewski; Alexander M. Ferentinos; Adam W. Ferguson; M. Caitlin Fisher-Reid; Elizabeth A. Flaherty; Jared Franklin; Sarah R. Fritts; Brel Froebe; Jeremy Fuller; Laken S. Ganoe; Carissa Ganong; Ricky Garibay; Lisa J. Gatens; Francis D. Gerraty; Sean T. Giery; Jessica L. Glasscock; Erim Gomez; Louis E. Good; Gabriel P. Gott; Natasha J. Gownaris; Steven M. Gray; Austin M. Green; Kevin E. Green; Jasmine K. Grewal; Joseph M. Guthrie; Blake A. Halbert; Matthew T. Hallett; Ethan J. Halstead; Christopher P. Hansen; Lonnie P. Hansen; Eamon J. Harrity; Steven C. Hasstedt; Taylor A. Hickman; Angela Holland; Carolin A. Humpal; Brigit R. Humphreys; Aaron Hunt; Heide D. Island; Reagan Jarrett; Alex M. Johnson; Tamara L. Johnstone-Yellin; Michael J. Joyce; Stanley Jozokos; Gaby C. Karakcheyeva; Keith Keel; Kevin Kinser-McBee; Matt Kleitch; Travis Knowles; Molly M. Koeck; Brooks A. Kohli; Macy A. Krishnamoorthy; Kellie M. Kuhn; Diana J.R. Lafferty; Scott LaPoint; Brody Allan Larkin; Marcus Lashley; Richard G. Lathrop; Thomas E. Lee; Christopher A. Lepczyk; Damon B. Lesmeister; Robert C. Lonsinger; Kim Magalona; Sean P. Maher; Fasmin Marikar; Heather A. Mathewson; Thomas S. Mathiesen; Tanya J.H. Matlaga; Amy E. Mayer; Kyle P. McCarthy; Shawn F. McCracken; Brandon W. McDonald; Molly M. McDonough; Brian T. McElligott; Sierra McMurry; Shannon McNeil; Leah E. McTigue; Scott McWilliams; Stephen G. Mech; Mohamed Khalil Meliane; Margaret Mercer; Margaret R. Merz; Joshua J. Millspaugh; Remington J. Moll; Andrew M. Monks; Javier Monzón; Monica A. Mowery; Lisa A. Murphy; Alexis M. Mychajliw; Christopher M. Nagy; Sean A. Neiswenter; Laura P. Nicholson; Brian J. O'Neill; Michael J. Orgill; Daniel J. Osborne; Nathan A. Pack; Lorelei E. Patrick; Jessica R. Patterson; David L. Pearce; Karla Pedraza; Maya C. Pendleton; Radmila Petric; Tyler R. Petroelje; Mairi K.P. Poisson; Mohit Poudel; Jiayi Pu; Janet L. Rachlow; Adar E. Reed; Hayden Reed; Christine C. Rega-Brodsky; Katie R. Remine; Michael S. Rentz; Derek R. Risch; Lauren Robertson; Justin Roemer; Andrea Romero; Christopher Rota; Elizabeth A. Roznik; Maria Luisa S.P. Jorge; Corey A. Samples; Christie Sampson; Christopher M. Schalk; Bradley D. Scholten; Christina L. Scott; William J. Severud; Jennifer Sevin; Mike Shaw; Brodie A. Shelton; Daniel S. Smith; Daniel A. Sossover; Atley Sparks; J. Alan Sparks; Matthew T. Springer; Jessica Stamn; Jennifer L. Stenglein; Ryan B. Stephens; Cassie M. Stitzman; Gabe Stonoha; Vijayan Sundararaj; Amanda Suzzi-Simmons; Andrew J.M. Swafford; Evan Philip Tanner; Ashley M. Tanner; Mollie A. Thomas; Ami L. Thompson; Katherine K. Thorington; Sandra M. Troxell-Smith; Daria Tsybina; Marius van der Merwe; Owen G. VanAntwerpen; Tatiana Velásquez-Roa; Stephen L. Webb; Katelyn L. Wehr; Nathaniel H. Wehr; Emily G. Weigel; Moon Weiss; Ty Jordan Werdel; Chuck W. Whalen; Christopher A. Whittier; Brianna Widner; Feonix Wilde; Eli F. Wildey; Andrew M. Wilson; Clay M. Wilton; Alexander J. Wolf; Justin Wooley; Kerry L. Yurewicz; Marketa Zimova; Adam Zorn; William J. McShea

doi:10.1111/geb.70229

SNAPSHOT USA 2024: Year 6 of the Coordinated National Camera Trap Survey of the United States

Brigit Rooney
, Roland Kays
, Michael V. Cove
, Alex Jensen
, Daniel J. Herrera
, Camilla Price
, Phuong Thao Nguyen-Nu
, Katrina Adamczyk
, Peter D. Alexander
, David Allen
, Jesse M. Alston
, Diego F. Alvarado-Serrano
, Thomas L. Anderson
, Cara L. Appel
, Scott M. Appleby
, Anne C. Axel
, Christopher R. Ayers
, Nicholas W. Bakner
, Dylan L. Bakner
, Griffin Bandler

Luke Banta, Erin E. Barding, Carolina Baruzzi, William T. Bean, Silas C. Beers, Jerrold L. Belant, John F. Benson, Anna Berg, Dylan L. Bergman, Meagan A. Bethel, Tori Bird, Michael T. Booth, Aaron J. Bossert, La Roy S.E. Brandt, Levin C. Brandt, Zeuk Brown, Erin K. Buchholtz, Richard Buchholz, Frances E. Buderman, Kathleen A. Carey, Michael B. Carpenter, Kellie Carter, Ivan Castro-Arellano, Michael Chamberlain, Amanda E. Cheeseman, Michael D. Cheng, Cary D. Chevalier, M. Colter Chitwood, Petros Chrysafis, Bradley S. Cohen, Isabella R. Collamati, D. Parks Collins, Justin A. Compton, L. Mike Conner, Brianna Cook, Olivia Cosby, Anthony P. Crupi, Andrea K. Darracq, Jon M. Davenport, Drew R. Davis, Miranda L. Davis, Noé U. de la Sancha, Brett A. DeGregorio, Anant Deshwal, Art Drauglis, Jonathan E. Dudko, Jennifer M. Duggan, Andrew J. Edelman, Valerie Elder, Kendall Eldredge, E. Hance Ellington, Susan N. Ellis-Felege, Caroline N. Ellison, John Erb, Alexa Fairchild, Keilani Fang, Jean Fantle-Lepczyk, Michael Fargione, Zach J. Farris, Zoë Fassett-Manuszewski, Alexander M. Ferentinos, Adam W. Ferguson, M. Caitlin Fisher-Reid, Elizabeth A. Flaherty, Jared Franklin, Sarah R. Fritts, Brel Froebe, Jeremy Fuller, Laken S. Ganoe, Carissa Ganong, Ricky Garibay, Lisa J. Gatens, Francis D. Gerraty, Sean T. Giery, Jessica L. Glasscock, Erim Gomez, Louis E. Good, Gabriel P. Gott, Natasha J. Gownaris, Steven M. Gray, Austin M. Green, Kevin E. Green, Jasmine K. Grewal, Joseph M. Guthrie, Blake A. Halbert, Matthew T. Hallett, Ethan J. Halstead, Christopher P. Hansen, Lonnie P. Hansen, Eamon J. Harrity, Steven C. Hasstedt, Taylor A. Hickman, Angela Holland, Carolin A. Humpal, Brigit R. Humphreys, Aaron Hunt, Heide D. Island, Reagan Jarrett, Alex M. Johnson, Tamara L. Johnstone-Yellin, Michael J. Joyce, Stanley Jozokos, Gaby C. Karakcheyeva, Keith Keel, Kevin Kinser-McBee, Matt Kleitch, Travis Knowles, Molly M. Koeck, Brooks A. Kohli, Macy A. Krishnamoorthy, Kellie M. Kuhn, Diana J.R. Lafferty, Scott LaPoint, Brody Allan Larkin, Marcus Lashley, Richard G. Lathrop, Thomas E. Lee, Christopher A. Lepczyk, Damon B. Lesmeister, Robert C. Lonsinger, Kim Magalona, Sean P. Maher, Fasmin Marikar, Heather A. Mathewson, Thomas S. Mathiesen, Tanya J.H. Matlaga, Amy E. Mayer, Kyle P. McCarthy, Shawn F. McCracken, Brandon W. McDonald, Molly M. McDonough, Brian T. McElligott, Sierra McMurry, Shannon McNeil, Leah E. McTigue, Scott McWilliams, Stephen G. Mech, Mohamed Khalil Meliane, Margaret Mercer, Margaret R. Merz, Joshua J. Millspaugh, Remington J. Moll, Andrew M. Monks, Javier Monzón, Monica A. Mowery, Lisa A. Murphy, Alexis M. Mychajliw, Christopher M. Nagy, Sean A. Neiswenter, Laura P. Nicholson, Brian J. O'Neill, Michael J. Orgill, Daniel J. Osborne, Nathan A. Pack, Lorelei E. Patrick, Jessica R. Patterson, David L. Pearce, Karla Pedraza, Maya C. Pendleton, Radmila Petric, Tyler R. Petroelje, Mairi K.P. Poisson, Mohit Poudel, Jiayi Pu, Janet L. Rachlow, Adar E. Reed, Hayden Reed, Christine C. Rega-Brodsky, Katie R. Remine, Michael S. Rentz, Derek R. Risch, Lauren Robertson, Justin Roemer, Andrea Romero, Christopher Rota, Elizabeth A. Roznik, Maria Luisa S.P. Jorge, Corey A. Samples, Christie Sampson, Christopher M. Schalk, Bradley D. Scholten, Christina L. Scott, William J. Severud, Jennifer Sevin, Mike Shaw, Brodie A. Shelton, Daniel S. Smith, Daniel A. Sossover, Atley Sparks, J. Alan Sparks, Matthew T. Springer, Jessica Stamn, Jennifer L. Stenglein, Ryan B. Stephens, Cassie M. Stitzman, Gabe Stonoha, Vijayan Sundararaj, Amanda Suzzi-Simmons, Andrew J.M. Swafford, Evan Philip Tanner, Ashley M. Tanner, Mollie A. Thomas, Ami L. Thompson, Katherine K. Thorington, Sandra M. Troxell-Smith, Daria Tsybina, Marius van der Merwe, Owen G. VanAntwerpen, Tatiana Velásquez-Roa, Stephen L. Webb, Katelyn L. Wehr, Nathaniel H. Wehr, Emily G. Weigel, Moon Weiss, Ty Jordan Werdel, Chuck W. Whalen, Christopher A. Whittier, Brianna Widner, Feonix Wilde, Eli F. Wildey, Andrew M. Wilson, Clay M. Wilton, Alexander J. Wolf, Justin Wooley, Kerry L. Yurewicz, Marketa Zimova, Adam Zorn, William J. McShea

Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences

North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences
North Carolina State University
Craighead Beringia South
Middlebury College
University of Arizona
Ohio University
Southern Illinois University
Oregon State University
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Marshall University
Mississippi State University
Tennessee Technological University
University of Rhode Island
Michigan State University
DePaul University
University of North Georgia
University of Florida
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Bradley University
Point No Point Treaty Council
Utah's Hogle Zoo
Rockhurst University
Lincoln Memorial University
University of North Dakota
United States Geological Survey
University of Mississippi
Pennsylvania State University
University of Kentucky
Texas State University
University of Georgia
South Dakota State University
Pepperdine University
Missouri Western State University
Oklahoma State University
Predator Detection and Deterrence
Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge
Stonehill College
The Jones Center at Ichauway
Alaska Department of Fish and Game
Murray State University
Appalachian State University
Eastern New Mexico University
University of Texas at Austin
University of Connecticut
Field Museum of Natural History
California State University Monterey Bay
University of West Georgia
Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Auburn University
Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Bridgewater State University
Purdue University
Tarleton State University
University of California at Santa Cruz
Stephen F. Austin State University
Michigan Department of Community Health
Gettysburg College
University of Utah
Sageland Collaborative
Archbold Biological Station
University of Montana
United States Air Force Academy
Abilene Christian University
University of Delaware
University of Maine
Pacific University Oregon
Highlands Biological Station
Bridgewater College
University of Minnesota Duluth
University of New Hampshire
University of South Florida
Francis Marion University
Texas Tech University
Northern Michigan University
Black Rock Forest
Columbia University
United States Department of Agriculture
George Mason University
Missouri State University
City University of New York
Susquehanna University
Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi
Chicago State University
Colorado State University
University of Charleston
Northern Arizona University
University of Wisconsin-Whitewater
University of Cincinnati
Fort Hays State University
Texas A&M University
Texas A&M International University
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
University of Idaho
Pittsburg State University
University of Missouri
Woodland Park Zoo
Iowa State University
University of Hawai'i at Mānoa
The Nature Conservancy
West Virginia University
Vanderbilt University
Southeastern Louisiana University
University of Richmond
East Tennessee State University
Scenic Hudson Inc
Noble Research Institute
Wisconsin Department Natural Resources
Antioch University New England
Texas A&M University-Kingsville
University of North Carolina at Pembroke
Oakland University
Utah Tech University
SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
Georgia Institute of Technology
Tufts University
University of Mount Union

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Motivation: SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multi-contributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. Main Types of Variables Contained: SNAPSHOT USA 2024 contains 377,427 records of camera trap image sequence data and 3127 records of camera trap deployment metadata. Spatial Location and Grain: Data were collected across the United States of America in 49 states, 12 ecoregions and many ecosystems. Time Period and Grain: Data were collected between 1 August and 19 December in 2024. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement: The dataset includes a wide range of taxa but is primarily focused on medium to large mammals. Software Format: SNAPSHOT USA 2024 comprises two.csv files. The original data can be found within the SNAPSHOT USA 2024 project on the Wildlife Insights platform.

Original language	English
Article number	e70229
Journal	Global Ecology and Biogeography
Volume	35
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70229
State	Published - Apr 2026

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 13 Climate Action
SDG 15 Life on Land

Keywords

annual survey
biodiversity
biogeography
camera traps
Carnivora
Cetartiodactyla
Lagomorpha
mammals
Rodentia

Access to Document

10.1111/geb.70229

Cite this

Rooney, B., Kays, R., Cove, M. V., Jensen, A., Herrera, D. J., Price, C., Nguyen-Nu, P. T., Adamczyk, K., Alexander, P. D., Allen, D., Alston, J. M., Alvarado-Serrano, D. F., Anderson, T. L., Appel, C. L., Appleby, S. M., Axel, A. C., Ayers, C. R., Bakner, N. W., Bakner, D. L., ... McShea, W. J. (2026). SNAPSHOT USA 2024: Year 6 of the Coordinated National Camera Trap Survey of the United States. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 35(4), Article e70229. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70229

@article{e1f0f5d66f0d4ac9b7451cebf2a44528,

title = "SNAPSHOT USA 2024: Year 6 of the Coordinated National Camera Trap Survey of the United States",

abstract = "Motivation: SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multi-contributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. Main Types of Variables Contained: SNAPSHOT USA 2024 contains 377,427 records of camera trap image sequence data and 3127 records of camera trap deployment metadata. Spatial Location and Grain: Data were collected across the United States of America in 49 states, 12 ecoregions and many ecosystems. Time Period and Grain: Data were collected between 1 August and 19 December in 2024. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement: The dataset includes a wide range of taxa but is primarily focused on medium to large mammals. Software Format: SNAPSHOT USA 2024 comprises two.csv files. The original data can be found within the SNAPSHOT USA 2024 project on the Wildlife Insights platform.",

keywords = "annual survey, biodiversity, biogeography, camera traps, Carnivora, Cetartiodactyla, Lagomorpha, mammals, Rodentia",

author = "Brigit Rooney and Roland Kays and Cove, \{Michael V.\} and Alex Jensen and Herrera, \{Daniel J.\} and Camilla Price and Nguyen-Nu, \{Phuong Thao\} and Katrina Adamczyk and Alexander, \{Peter D.\} and David Allen and Alston, \{Jesse M.\} and Alvarado-Serrano, \{Diego F.\} and Anderson, \{Thomas L.\} and Appel, \{Cara L.\} and Appleby, \{Scott M.\} and Axel, \{Anne C.\} and Ayers, \{Christopher R.\} and Bakner, \{Nicholas W.\} and Bakner, \{Dylan L.\} and Griffin Bandler and Luke Banta and Barding, \{Erin E.\} and Carolina Baruzzi and Bean, \{William T.\} and Beers, \{Silas C.\} and Belant, \{Jerrold L.\} and Benson, \{John F.\} and Anna Berg and Bergman, \{Dylan L.\} and Bethel, \{Meagan A.\} and Tori Bird and Booth, \{Michael T.\} and Bossert, \{Aaron J.\} and Brandt, \{La Roy S.E.\} and Brandt, \{Levin C.\} and Zeuk Brown and Buchholtz, \{Erin K.\} and Richard Buchholz and Buderman, \{Frances E.\} and Carey, \{Kathleen A.\} and Carpenter, \{Michael B.\} and Kellie Carter and Ivan Castro-Arellano and Michael Chamberlain and Cheeseman, \{Amanda E.\} and Cheng, \{Michael D.\} and Chevalier, \{Cary D.\} and Chitwood, \{M. Colter\} and Petros Chrysafis and Cohen, \{Bradley S.\} and Collamati, \{Isabella R.\} and Collins, \{D. Parks\} and Compton, \{Justin A.\} and Conner, \{L. Mike\} and Brianna Cook and Olivia Cosby and Crupi, \{Anthony P.\} and Darracq, \{Andrea K.\} and Davenport, \{Jon M.\} and Davis, \{Drew R.\} and Davis, \{Miranda L.\} and \{de la Sancha\}, \{No{\'e} U.\} and DeGregorio, \{Brett A.\} and Anant Deshwal and Art Drauglis and Dudko, \{Jonathan E.\} and Duggan, \{Jennifer M.\} and Edelman, \{Andrew J.\} and Valerie Elder and Kendall Eldredge and Ellington, \{E. Hance\} and Ellis-Felege, \{Susan N.\} and Ellison, \{Caroline N.\} and John Erb and Alexa Fairchild and Keilani Fang and Jean Fantle-Lepczyk and Michael Fargione and Farris, \{Zach J.\} and Zo{\"e} Fassett-Manuszewski and Ferentinos, \{Alexander M.\} and Ferguson, \{Adam W.\} and Fisher-Reid, \{M. Caitlin\} and Flaherty, \{Elizabeth A.\} and Jared Franklin and Fritts, \{Sarah R.\} and Brel Froebe and Jeremy Fuller and Ganoe, \{Laken S.\} and Carissa Ganong and Ricky Garibay and Gatens, \{Lisa J.\} and Gerraty, \{Francis D.\} and Giery, \{Sean T.\} and Glasscock, \{Jessica L.\} and Erim Gomez and Good, \{Louis E.\} and Gott, \{Gabriel P.\} and Gownaris, \{Natasha J.\} and Gray, \{Steven M.\} and Green, \{Austin M.\} and Green, \{Kevin E.\} and Grewal, \{Jasmine K.\} and Guthrie, \{Joseph M.\} and Halbert, \{Blake A.\} and Hallett, \{Matthew T.\} and Halstead, \{Ethan J.\} and Hansen, \{Christopher P.\} and Hansen, \{Lonnie P.\} and Harrity, \{Eamon J.\} and Hasstedt, \{Steven C.\} and Hickman, \{Taylor A.\} and Angela Holland and Humpal, \{Carolin A.\} and Humphreys, \{Brigit R.\} and Aaron Hunt and Island, \{Heide D.\} and Reagan Jarrett and Johnson, \{Alex M.\} and Johnstone-Yellin, \{Tamara L.\} and Joyce, \{Michael J.\} and Stanley Jozokos and Karakcheyeva, \{Gaby C.\} and Keith Keel and Kevin Kinser-McBee and Matt Kleitch and Travis Knowles and Koeck, \{Molly M.\} and Kohli, \{Brooks A.\} and Krishnamoorthy, \{Macy A.\} and Kuhn, \{Kellie M.\} and Lafferty, \{Diana J.R.\} and Scott LaPoint and Larkin, \{Brody Allan\} and Marcus Lashley and Lathrop, \{Richard G.\} and Lee, \{Thomas E.\} and Lepczyk, \{Christopher A.\} and Lesmeister, \{Damon B.\} and Lonsinger, \{Robert C.\} and Kim Magalona and Maher, \{Sean P.\} and Fasmin Marikar and Mathewson, \{Heather A.\} and Mathiesen, \{Thomas S.\} and Matlaga, \{Tanya J.H.\} and Mayer, \{Amy E.\} and McCarthy, \{Kyle P.\} and McCracken, \{Shawn F.\} and McDonald, \{Brandon W.\} and McDonough, \{Molly M.\} and McElligott, \{Brian T.\} and Sierra McMurry and Shannon McNeil and McTigue, \{Leah E.\} and Scott McWilliams and Mech, \{Stephen G.\} and Meliane, \{Mohamed Khalil\} and Margaret Mercer and Merz, \{Margaret R.\} and Millspaugh, \{Joshua J.\} and Moll, \{Remington J.\} and Monks, \{Andrew M.\} and Javier Monz{\'o}n and Mowery, \{Monica A.\} and Murphy, \{Lisa A.\} and Mychajliw, \{Alexis M.\} and Nagy, \{Christopher M.\} and Neiswenter, \{Sean A.\} and Nicholson, \{Laura P.\} and O'Neill, \{Brian J.\} and Orgill, \{Michael J.\} and Osborne, \{Daniel J.\} and Pack, \{Nathan A.\} and Patrick, \{Lorelei E.\} and Patterson, \{Jessica R.\} and Pearce, \{David L.\} and Karla Pedraza and Pendleton, \{Maya C.\} and Radmila Petric and Petroelje, \{Tyler R.\} and Poisson, \{Mairi K.P.\} and Mohit Poudel and Jiayi Pu and Rachlow, \{Janet L.\} and Reed, \{Adar E.\} and Hayden Reed and Rega-Brodsky, \{Christine C.\} and Remine, \{Katie R.\} and Rentz, \{Michael S.\} and Risch, \{Derek R.\} and Lauren Robertson and Justin Roemer and Andrea Romero and Christopher Rota and Roznik, \{Elizabeth A.\} and Jorge, \{Maria Luisa S.P.\} and Samples, \{Corey A.\} and Christie Sampson and Schalk, \{Christopher M.\} and Scholten, \{Bradley D.\} and Scott, \{Christina L.\} and Severud, \{William J.\} and Jennifer Sevin and Mike Shaw and Shelton, \{Brodie A.\} and Smith, \{Daniel S.\} and Sossover, \{Daniel A.\} and Atley Sparks and Sparks, \{J. Alan\} and Springer, \{Matthew T.\} and Jessica Stamn and Stenglein, \{Jennifer L.\} and Stephens, \{Ryan B.\} and Stitzman, \{Cassie M.\} and Gabe Stonoha and Vijayan Sundararaj and Amanda Suzzi-Simmons and Swafford, \{Andrew J.M.\} and Tanner, \{Evan Philip\} and Tanner, \{Ashley M.\} and Thomas, \{Mollie A.\} and Thompson, \{Ami L.\} and Thorington, \{Katherine K.\} and Troxell-Smith, \{Sandra M.\} and Daria Tsybina and \{van der Merwe\}, Marius and VanAntwerpen, \{Owen G.\} and Tatiana Vel{\'a}squez-Roa and Webb, \{Stephen L.\} and Wehr, \{Katelyn L.\} and Wehr, \{Nathaniel H.\} and Weigel, \{Emily G.\} and Moon Weiss and Werdel, \{Ty Jordan\} and Whalen, \{Chuck W.\} and Whittier, \{Christopher A.\} and Brianna Widner and Feonix Wilde and Wildey, \{Eli F.\} and Wilson, \{Andrew M.\} and Wilton, \{Clay M.\} and Wolf, \{Alexander J.\} and Justin Wooley and Yurewicz, \{Kerry L.\} and Marketa Zimova and Adam Zorn and McShea, \{William J.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2026 John Wiley \& Sons Ltd. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.",

year = "2026",

month = apr,

doi = "10.1111/geb.70229",

language = "English",

volume = "35",

journal = "Global Ecology and Biogeography",

issn = "1466-822X",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd",

number = "4",

}

Rooney, B, Kays, R, Cove, MV, Jensen, A, Herrera, DJ, Price, C, Nguyen-Nu, PT, Adamczyk, K, Alexander, PD, Allen, D, Alston, JM, Alvarado-Serrano, DF, Anderson, TL, Appel, CL, Appleby, SM, Axel, AC, Ayers, CR, Bakner, NW, Bakner, DL, Bandler, G, Banta, L, Barding, EE, Baruzzi, C, Bean, WT, Beers, SC, Belant, JL, Benson, JF, Berg, A, Bergman, DL, Bethel, MA, Bird, T, Booth, MT, Bossert, AJ, Brandt, LRSE, Brandt, LC, Brown, Z, Buchholtz, EK, Buchholz, R, Buderman, FE, Carey, KA, Carpenter, MB, Carter, K, Castro-Arellano, I, Chamberlain, M, Cheeseman, AE, Cheng, MD, Chevalier, CD, Chitwood, MC, Chrysafis, P, Cohen, BS, Collamati, IR, Collins, DP, Compton, JA, Conner, LM, Cook, B, Cosby, O, Crupi, AP, Darracq, AK, Davenport, JM, Davis, DR, Davis, ML, de la Sancha, NU, DeGregorio, BA, Deshwal, A, Drauglis, A, Dudko, JE, Duggan, JM, Edelman, AJ, Elder, V, Eldredge, K, Ellington, EH, Ellis-Felege, SN, Ellison, CN, Erb, J, Fairchild, A, Fang, K, Fantle-Lepczyk, J, Fargione, M, Farris, ZJ, Fassett-Manuszewski, Z, Ferentinos, AM, Ferguson, AW, Fisher-Reid, MC, Flaherty, EA, Franklin, J, Fritts, SR, Froebe, B, Fuller, J, Ganoe, LS, Ganong, C, Garibay, R, Gatens, LJ, Gerraty, FD, Giery, ST, Glasscock, JL, Gomez, E, Good, LE, Gott, GP, Gownaris, NJ, Gray, SM, Green, AM, Green, KE, Grewal, JK, Guthrie, JM, Halbert, BA, Hallett, MT, Halstead, EJ, Hansen, CP, Hansen, LP, Harrity, EJ, Hasstedt, SC, Hickman, TA, Holland, A, Humpal, CA, Humphreys, BR, Hunt, A, Island, HD, Jarrett, R, Johnson, AM, Johnstone-Yellin, TL, Joyce, MJ, Jozokos, S, Karakcheyeva, GC, Keel, K, Kinser-McBee, K, Kleitch, M, Knowles, T, Koeck, MM, Kohli, BA, Krishnamoorthy, MA, Kuhn, KM, Lafferty, DJR, LaPoint, S, Larkin, BA, Lashley, M, Lathrop, RG, Lee, TE, Lepczyk, CA, Lesmeister, DB, Lonsinger, RC, Magalona, K, Maher, SP, Marikar, F, Mathewson, HA, Mathiesen, TS, Matlaga, TJH, Mayer, AE, McCarthy, KP, McCracken, SF, McDonald, BW, McDonough, MM, McElligott, BT, McMurry, S, McNeil, S, McTigue, LE, McWilliams, S, Mech, SG, Meliane, MK, Mercer, M, Merz, MR, Millspaugh, JJ, Moll, RJ, Monks, AM, Monzón, J, Mowery, MA, Murphy, LA, Mychajliw, AM, Nagy, CM, Neiswenter, SA, Nicholson, LP, O'Neill, BJ, Orgill, MJ, Osborne, DJ, Pack, NA, Patrick, LE, Patterson, JR, Pearce, DL, Pedraza, K, Pendleton, MC, Petric, R, Petroelje, TR, Poisson, MKP, Poudel, M, Pu, J, Rachlow, JL, Reed, AE, Reed, H, Rega-Brodsky, CC, Remine, KR, Rentz, MS, Risch, DR, Robertson, L, Roemer, J, Romero, A, Rota, C, Roznik, EA, Jorge, MLSP, Samples, CA, Sampson, C, Schalk, CM, Scholten, BD, Scott, CL, Severud, WJ, Sevin, J, Shaw, M, Shelton, BA, Smith, DS, Sossover, DA, Sparks, A, Sparks, JA, Springer, MT, Stamn, J, Stenglein, JL, Stephens, RB, Stitzman, CM, Stonoha, G, Sundararaj, V, Suzzi-Simmons, A, Swafford, AJM, Tanner, EP, Tanner, AM, Thomas, MA, Thompson, AL, Thorington, KK, Troxell-Smith, SM, Tsybina, D, van der Merwe, M, VanAntwerpen, OG, Velásquez-Roa, T, Webb, SL, Wehr, KL, Wehr, NH, Weigel, EG, Weiss, M, Werdel, TJ, Whalen, CW, Whittier, CA, Widner, B, Wilde, F, Wildey, EF, Wilson, AM, Wilton, CM, Wolf, AJ, Wooley, J, Yurewicz, KL, Zimova, M, Zorn, A & McShea, WJ 2026, 'SNAPSHOT USA 2024: Year 6 of the Coordinated National Camera Trap Survey of the United States', Global Ecology and Biogeography, vol. 35, no. 4, e70229. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70229

TY - JOUR

T1 - SNAPSHOT USA 2024

T2 - Year 6 of the Coordinated National Camera Trap Survey of the United States

AU - Rooney, Brigit

AU - Kays, Roland

AU - Cove, Michael V.

AU - Jensen, Alex

AU - Herrera, Daniel J.

AU - Price, Camilla

AU - Nguyen-Nu, Phuong Thao

AU - Adamczyk, Katrina

AU - Alexander, Peter D.

AU - Allen, David

AU - Alston, Jesse M.

AU - Alvarado-Serrano, Diego F.

AU - Anderson, Thomas L.

AU - Appel, Cara L.

AU - Appleby, Scott M.

AU - Axel, Anne C.

AU - Ayers, Christopher R.

AU - Bakner, Nicholas W.

AU - Bakner, Dylan L.

AU - Bandler, Griffin

AU - Banta, Luke

AU - Barding, Erin E.

AU - Baruzzi, Carolina

AU - Bean, William T.

AU - Beers, Silas C.

AU - Belant, Jerrold L.

AU - Benson, John F.

AU - Berg, Anna

AU - Bergman, Dylan L.

AU - Bethel, Meagan A.

AU - Bird, Tori

AU - Booth, Michael T.

AU - Bossert, Aaron J.

AU - Brandt, La Roy S.E.

AU - Brandt, Levin C.

AU - Brown, Zeuk

AU - Buchholtz, Erin K.

AU - Buchholz, Richard

AU - Buderman, Frances E.

AU - Carey, Kathleen A.

AU - Carpenter, Michael B.

AU - Carter, Kellie

AU - Castro-Arellano, Ivan

AU - Chamberlain, Michael

AU - Cheeseman, Amanda E.

AU - Cheng, Michael D.

AU - Chevalier, Cary D.

AU - Chitwood, M. Colter

AU - Chrysafis, Petros

AU - Cohen, Bradley S.

AU - Collamati, Isabella R.

AU - Collins, D. Parks

AU - Compton, Justin A.

AU - Conner, L. Mike

AU - Cook, Brianna

AU - Cosby, Olivia

AU - Crupi, Anthony P.

AU - Darracq, Andrea K.

AU - Davenport, Jon M.

AU - Davis, Drew R.

AU - Davis, Miranda L.

AU - de la Sancha, Noé U.

AU - DeGregorio, Brett A.

AU - Deshwal, Anant

AU - Drauglis, Art

AU - Dudko, Jonathan E.

AU - Duggan, Jennifer M.

AU - Edelman, Andrew J.

AU - Elder, Valerie

AU - Eldredge, Kendall

AU - Ellington, E. Hance

AU - Ellis-Felege, Susan N.

AU - Ellison, Caroline N.

AU - Erb, John

AU - Fairchild, Alexa

AU - Fang, Keilani

AU - Fantle-Lepczyk, Jean

AU - Fargione, Michael

AU - Farris, Zach J.

AU - Fassett-Manuszewski, Zoë

AU - Ferentinos, Alexander M.

AU - Ferguson, Adam W.

AU - Fisher-Reid, M. Caitlin

AU - Flaherty, Elizabeth A.

AU - Franklin, Jared

AU - Fritts, Sarah R.

AU - Froebe, Brel

AU - Fuller, Jeremy

AU - Ganoe, Laken S.

AU - Ganong, Carissa

AU - Garibay, Ricky

AU - Gatens, Lisa J.

AU - Gerraty, Francis D.

AU - Giery, Sean T.

AU - Glasscock, Jessica L.

AU - Gomez, Erim

AU - Good, Louis E.

AU - Gott, Gabriel P.

AU - Gownaris, Natasha J.

AU - Gray, Steven M.

AU - Green, Austin M.

AU - Green, Kevin E.

AU - Grewal, Jasmine K.

AU - Guthrie, Joseph M.

AU - Halbert, Blake A.

AU - Hallett, Matthew T.

AU - Halstead, Ethan J.

AU - Hansen, Christopher P.

AU - Hansen, Lonnie P.

AU - Harrity, Eamon J.

AU - Hasstedt, Steven C.

AU - Hickman, Taylor A.

AU - Holland, Angela

AU - Humpal, Carolin A.

AU - Humphreys, Brigit R.

AU - Hunt, Aaron

AU - Island, Heide D.

AU - Jarrett, Reagan

AU - Johnson, Alex M.

AU - Johnstone-Yellin, Tamara L.

AU - Joyce, Michael J.

AU - Jozokos, Stanley

AU - Karakcheyeva, Gaby C.

AU - Keel, Keith

AU - Kinser-McBee, Kevin

AU - Kleitch, Matt

AU - Knowles, Travis

AU - Koeck, Molly M.

AU - Kohli, Brooks A.

AU - Krishnamoorthy, Macy A.

AU - Kuhn, Kellie M.

AU - Lafferty, Diana J.R.

AU - LaPoint, Scott

AU - Larkin, Brody Allan

AU - Lashley, Marcus

AU - Lathrop, Richard G.

AU - Lee, Thomas E.

AU - Lepczyk, Christopher A.

AU - Lesmeister, Damon B.

AU - Lonsinger, Robert C.

AU - Magalona, Kim

AU - Maher, Sean P.

AU - Marikar, Fasmin

AU - Mathewson, Heather A.

AU - Mathiesen, Thomas S.

AU - Matlaga, Tanya J.H.

AU - Mayer, Amy E.

AU - McCarthy, Kyle P.

AU - McCracken, Shawn F.

AU - McDonald, Brandon W.

AU - McDonough, Molly M.

AU - McElligott, Brian T.

AU - McMurry, Sierra

AU - McNeil, Shannon

AU - McTigue, Leah E.

AU - McWilliams, Scott

AU - Mech, Stephen G.

AU - Meliane, Mohamed Khalil

AU - Mercer, Margaret

AU - Merz, Margaret R.

AU - Millspaugh, Joshua J.

AU - Moll, Remington J.

AU - Monks, Andrew M.

AU - Monzón, Javier

AU - Mowery, Monica A.

AU - Murphy, Lisa A.

AU - Mychajliw, Alexis M.

AU - Nagy, Christopher M.

AU - Neiswenter, Sean A.

AU - Nicholson, Laura P.

AU - O'Neill, Brian J.

AU - Orgill, Michael J.

AU - Osborne, Daniel J.

AU - Pack, Nathan A.

AU - Patrick, Lorelei E.

AU - Patterson, Jessica R.

AU - Pearce, David L.

AU - Pedraza, Karla

AU - Pendleton, Maya C.

AU - Petric, Radmila

AU - Petroelje, Tyler R.

AU - Poisson, Mairi K.P.

AU - Poudel, Mohit

AU - Pu, Jiayi

AU - Rachlow, Janet L.

AU - Reed, Adar E.

AU - Reed, Hayden

AU - Rega-Brodsky, Christine C.

AU - Remine, Katie R.

AU - Rentz, Michael S.

AU - Risch, Derek R.

AU - Robertson, Lauren

AU - Roemer, Justin

AU - Romero, Andrea

AU - Rota, Christopher

AU - Roznik, Elizabeth A.

AU - Jorge, Maria Luisa S.P.

AU - Samples, Corey A.

AU - Sampson, Christie

AU - Schalk, Christopher M.

AU - Scholten, Bradley D.

AU - Scott, Christina L.

AU - Severud, William J.

AU - Sevin, Jennifer

AU - Shaw, Mike

AU - Shelton, Brodie A.

AU - Smith, Daniel S.

AU - Sossover, Daniel A.

AU - Sparks, Atley

AU - Sparks, J. Alan

AU - Springer, Matthew T.

AU - Stamn, Jessica

AU - Stenglein, Jennifer L.

AU - Stephens, Ryan B.

AU - Stitzman, Cassie M.

AU - Stonoha, Gabe

AU - Sundararaj, Vijayan

AU - Suzzi-Simmons, Amanda

AU - Swafford, Andrew J.M.

AU - Tanner, Evan Philip

AU - Tanner, Ashley M.

AU - Thomas, Mollie A.

AU - Thompson, Ami L.

AU - Thorington, Katherine K.

AU - Troxell-Smith, Sandra M.

AU - Tsybina, Daria

AU - van der Merwe, Marius

AU - VanAntwerpen, Owen G.

AU - Velásquez-Roa, Tatiana

AU - Webb, Stephen L.

AU - Wehr, Katelyn L.

AU - Wehr, Nathaniel H.

AU - Weigel, Emily G.

AU - Weiss, Moon

AU - Werdel, Ty Jordan

AU - Whalen, Chuck W.

AU - Whittier, Christopher A.

AU - Widner, Brianna

AU - Wilde, Feonix

AU - Wildey, Eli F.

AU - Wilson, Andrew M.

AU - Wilton, Clay M.

AU - Wolf, Alexander J.

AU - Wooley, Justin

AU - Yurewicz, Kerry L.

AU - Zimova, Marketa

AU - Zorn, Adam

AU - McShea, William J.

PY - 2026/4

Y1 - 2026/4

N2 - Motivation: SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multi-contributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. Main Types of Variables Contained: SNAPSHOT USA 2024 contains 377,427 records of camera trap image sequence data and 3127 records of camera trap deployment metadata. Spatial Location and Grain: Data were collected across the United States of America in 49 states, 12 ecoregions and many ecosystems. Time Period and Grain: Data were collected between 1 August and 19 December in 2024. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement: The dataset includes a wide range of taxa but is primarily focused on medium to large mammals. Software Format: SNAPSHOT USA 2024 comprises two.csv files. The original data can be found within the SNAPSHOT USA 2024 project on the Wildlife Insights platform.

AB - Motivation: SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multi-contributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. Main Types of Variables Contained: SNAPSHOT USA 2024 contains 377,427 records of camera trap image sequence data and 3127 records of camera trap deployment metadata. Spatial Location and Grain: Data were collected across the United States of America in 49 states, 12 ecoregions and many ecosystems. Time Period and Grain: Data were collected between 1 August and 19 December in 2024. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement: The dataset includes a wide range of taxa but is primarily focused on medium to large mammals. Software Format: SNAPSHOT USA 2024 comprises two.csv files. The original data can be found within the SNAPSHOT USA 2024 project on the Wildlife Insights platform.

KW - annual survey

KW - biodiversity

KW - biogeography

KW - camera traps

KW - Carnivora

KW - Cetartiodactyla

KW - Lagomorpha

KW - mammals

KW - Rodentia

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105036853032

U2 - 10.1111/geb.70229

DO - 10.1111/geb.70229

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105036853032

SN - 1466-822X

VL - 35

JO - Global Ecology and Biogeography

JF - Global Ecology and Biogeography

IS - 4

M1 - e70229

ER -

SNAPSHOT USA 2024: Year 6 of the Coordinated National Camera Trap Survey of the United States

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