The interactive effects of professionalism and politicization: why professional standards and political control mix like oil and water

This study examines the impact of agency politicization and professionalism on federal bureaucrats in the United States. In the wake of rising populism, we examine the interactive, agency-level effects of professionalism and political appointments on workplace perceptions. While professionalism is linked to increased work engagement, higher procedural justice, and lower turnover intention, these benefits are weaker in agencies with higher shares of political appointees. Expanding political appointments in the civil service would raise the potential for political interference and negatively impact many bureaucrats, underscoring the importance of maintaining professional norms and minimizing politicization for public agency performance.