TY - JOUR
T1 - Topological data analysis reveals parameters with prognostic skill for extreme wildfire size
AU - Bendick, Rebecca
AU - Hoylman, Zachary H.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd
PY - 2020/10
Y1 - 2020/10
N2 - A topological data analysis (TDA) of 200 000 U.S. wildfires larger than 5 acres indicates that events with the largest final burned areas are associated with systematically low fuel moistures, low precipitation, and high vapor pressure deficits in the 30 days prior to the fire start. These parameters are widely used in empirical fire forecasting tools, thus confirming that an unguided, machine learning (ML) analysis can reproduce known relationships. The simple, short time scale parameters identified can therefore provide quantifiable forecast skill for wildfires with extreme sizes. In contrast, longer aggregates of weather observations for the year prior to fire start, including specific humidity, normalized precipitation indices, average temperature, average precipitation, and vegetation indices are not strongly coupled to extreme fire size, thus afford limited or no enhanced forecast skill. The TDA demonstrates that fuel moistures and short-term weather parameters should optimize the training of ML algorithms for fire forecasting, whilst longer-term climate and ecological measures could be downweighted or omitted. The most useful short-term meteorological and fuels metrics are widely available with low latency for the conterminous U.S, and are not computationally intensive to calculate, suggesting that ML tools using these data streams may suffice to improve situational awareness for wildfire hazards in the U.S.
AB - A topological data analysis (TDA) of 200 000 U.S. wildfires larger than 5 acres indicates that events with the largest final burned areas are associated with systematically low fuel moistures, low precipitation, and high vapor pressure deficits in the 30 days prior to the fire start. These parameters are widely used in empirical fire forecasting tools, thus confirming that an unguided, machine learning (ML) analysis can reproduce known relationships. The simple, short time scale parameters identified can therefore provide quantifiable forecast skill for wildfires with extreme sizes. In contrast, longer aggregates of weather observations for the year prior to fire start, including specific humidity, normalized precipitation indices, average temperature, average precipitation, and vegetation indices are not strongly coupled to extreme fire size, thus afford limited or no enhanced forecast skill. The TDA demonstrates that fuel moistures and short-term weather parameters should optimize the training of ML algorithms for fire forecasting, whilst longer-term climate and ecological measures could be downweighted or omitted. The most useful short-term meteorological and fuels metrics are widely available with low latency for the conterminous U.S, and are not computationally intensive to calculate, suggesting that ML tools using these data streams may suffice to improve situational awareness for wildfire hazards in the U.S.
KW - Fire
KW - Machine learning
KW - Topological data analysis
KW - Topology
KW - United States
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85092430631&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1088/1748-9326/aba8c2
DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aba8c2
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85092430631
SN - 1748-9318
VL - 15
JO - Environmental Research Letters
JF - Environmental Research Letters
IS - 10
M1 - aba8c2
ER -